Classification: enamel (editioned)Read more: Guide to the Catalogue
Enamel
In this catalogue, works classified as enamel are made from powdered glass fired and fused to a metal substrate; the medium is also known as porcelain enamel.
Lichtenstein’s enamels include unique and editioned works of various sizes. At first, the artist worked through Ben Birillo, primarily with Architectural Porcelain Fabricators, Inc. of Orangeburg, New York.
Lichtenstein also produced works with enamel components that fall under the separate classifications sculpture, jewelry and prints.
Dates
Conception date is based on the year the prototype, used for fabrication, was completed. Fabrication date(s) follow the conception date in parentheses. Dates for unique enamels are the year of completion of the artwork.
Media Lines
Medium is given as porcelain enamel and support is steel or perforated steel. Metal identification has not been confirmed, but Lichtenstein is quoted stating that his enamels were made on steel (Coplans 1967b, p. 12). Perforated steel was supplied by Beckley Perforating Co. of Garwood, New Jersey, and possibly others.
Inscriptions
Editioned enamels are inconsistently signed, dated and/or numbered by the artist on the verso, usually in white paint or black marker.
Large Editions
The large editions RLCR 1202, Sunrise from 7 Objects in a Box and RLCR 1554, Modern Head Pendant are presented in single entries without documentation of all individual pieces, as only select pieces were examined. Location information is not provided unless a work is known to be in a museum collection. Information is based on fabricator papers (RLF Archives) and the authors’ research.
Catalogue entry
RLCR 845.4/5
RLCR 845 (LC 162, LC 167, LC 195, LC 1257; RL 3352)
Crying Girl
1964 (fabricated 1964)
Title Source
Castelli; RL Register; RL Studio Card; RL Studio PhotographAlternate title and source: Girl with Tears (RL Register)
Media
Porcelain enamel on steelDimensions
46 x 46 in. (116.8 x 116.8 cm)Description
Edition of 5Fabricator: Architectural Porcelain Fabricators, Inc., Orangeburg, N.Y. (?)
Inscriptions
Most enamels are signed, numbered and dated verso. Ed. 1/5 is signed, dated and numbered.RLCR 845.1/5
rf Lichtenstein / 1964 #1 of 5
RLCR 845.2/5 (LC 162)
rf Lichtenstein / #2 of 5 / 1964
RLCR 845.3/5 (LC 1257)
rf Lichtenstein / #3 of 5 / 1964
RLCR 845.4/5 (LC 195)
rf Lichtenstein / #4 of 5 / 1964
RLCR 845.5/5 (LC 167)
rf Lichtenstein / #5 of 5 / 1964
Photo: Courtesy Christie's
Provenance
RLCR 845.1/5
Collection of Amie O. Karp, 1980 (artist gift)
RLCR 845.2/5 (LC 162)
RLCR 845.3/5 (LC 1257)
Estate of Roy Lichtenstein
Carmignac Collection, France, December 2015 (via Castelli Gallery, New York City)
RLCR 845.4/5 (LC 195)
William Rubin, New York City, October 1964 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
Miles and Shirley Fiterman, Minneapolis, April 1971 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
(Christie's, New York, November 9, 2015, sale 3789, lot 22A)
RLCR 845.5/5 (LC 167)
Sterling Holloway, Laguna Beach, Calif., February 1965 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City; via Ferus Gallery, Los Angeles)
(Sotheby's, New York, November 1, 1984, sale 5243, lot 65A)
Sylvio Perlstein
Exhibitions
Leo Castelli Gallery (4 East 77th Street), New York, Group Exhibition (Richard Artschwager, Roy Lichtenstein, James Rosenquist, Frank Stella, Andy Warhol), September 26–October 22, 1964. (ed. unknown).
Ferus Gallery, Los Angeles, Roy Lichtenstein, November 24–December 5, 1964. (ed. 5/5 (LC 167)).
Madison Art Center, Madison, Wisconsin, Selected Works from the Milwaukee Art Center, August 21–September 29, 1966. (ed. 2/5 (LC 162)).
Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Works by Roy Lichtenstein, November 29, 1966–January 3, 1967 (ed. 3/5 (LC 1257)) (Henning 1966).
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Roy Lichtenstein, September 19–November 9, 1969 (ed. 3/5 (LC 1257)) (Waldman 1969, no. 86 p. 83 b/w ill. [ed. 3/5?] ). Traveled to: William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, Kansas City, Mo., December 18, 1969–January 16, 1970; Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, Ill., February 7–March 22, 1970; Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, Wash., April 10–May 17, 1970; Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts, Columbus, Ohio, July 9–August 30, 1970.
Otis Art Institute of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles County, California, Hollywood Collects, April 5–May 15, 1970 (ed. 5/5 (LC 167)) (Seldis 1970, b/w ill. ).
Milwaukee Art Center, Milwaukee, Color Renaissance: Sculpture and Painting in the Sixties, July 14–August 25, 1974. (ed. 2/5 (LC 162)).
Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, Emergence and Progression: Six Contemporary American Artists, October 11–December 2, 1979 (ed. 2/5 (LC 162)) (Danoff 1979, p. 47 b/w ill. ). Traveled to: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, Va., January 16–March 2, 1980; J. B. Speed Art Museum, Louisville, Ky., April 1–June 29, 1980; New Orleans Museum of Art, New Orleans, La., July 25–September 14, 1980.
Isetan Museum of Art, Tokyo, Pop Muses: Images of Women by Roy Lichtenstein and Andy Warhol, August 29–September 24, 1991 (ed. 3/5 (LC 1257)) (Livingstone 1991b, no. 5 n.p. color ill. ). Traveled to: Kawamura Memorial Museum of Art, Chiba, Japan, October 2–December 1, 1991; Kitakyushu Municipal Museum of Art, Kitakyushu, Japan, December 14, 1991–January 12, 1992; Daimaru Museum, Osaka, Japan, February 5–16, 1992; Daimaru Museum, Kyoto, Japan, March 12–17, 1992.
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Roy Lichtenstein: A Retrospective, October 7, 1993–January 16, 1994 (not New York, Los Angeles, Montreal) (ed. 3/5 (LC 1257)) (Waldman 1993b, no. S14 n.p. color ill. ). Traveled to: Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, Calif., January 26–April 3, 1994; Musée des Beaux-Arts de Montréal, Montreal, May 26–September 5, 1994; Haus der Kunst, Munich, October 13, 1994–January 9, 1995 (included early works) (Waldman 1994, no. S14 n.p. color ill. ); Deichtorhallen, Hamburg, Germany, February 8–April 30, 1995 (included early works) (Waldman 1994, no. S14 n.p. color ill. ); Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, June 2–September 3, 1995 (included early works) (Waldman 1994, no. S14 n.p. color ill. ); Wexner Center for the Arts, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, September 21, 1995–January 7, 1996 (abridged version) (Waldman 1994, no. S14 n.p. color ill. ).
Cleveland Center for Contemporary Art, Cleveland, Pop Impact! From Johns to Warhol: Selections from the Whitney Museum of American Art, September 9–November 14, 1999 (only Milwaukee) (ed. 2/5 (LC 162)) (Whitney Museum 1999). Traveled to: Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, Wis., August 18–December 27, 2000; Columbia Museum of Art, Columbia, S.C., January 27–April 8, 2001; Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, Ind., April 29–July 1, 2001; Oakland Museum of California, Oakland, Calif., October 13, 2001–January 6, 2002.
Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, The Cities Collect: Selections from the Collections of Twin Cities Residents, September 24, 2000–January 7, 2001. (ed. 4/5 (LC 195)).
Gagosian Gallery (980 Madison Avenue), New York, Lichtenstein: Girls, May 12–June 28, 2008 (ed. 3/5 (LC 1257)) (Gagosian, New York 2008, n.p. facing p. 64 color ill. [detail on following page] ).
Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Roy Lichtenstein: A Retrospective, May 16–September 3, 2012 (only Paris) (ed. 3/5 (LC 1257)) (Rondeau and Wagstaff, Sheena 2012). Traveled to: National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., October 14, 2012–January 13, 2013; Tate Modern, London, February 21–May 27, 2013 (as Lichtenstein: A Retrospective) (Dunne 2012); Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre National d'Art et de Culture Georges Pompidou, Paris, July 3–November 4, 2013 (as Roy Lichtenstein, revised and reorganized) (Dunne 2013); (Pompidou 2013); (Morineau 2013a, no. 80 p. 211 color ill. ).
Hauser & Wirth, New York, A Luta Continua. The Sylvio Perlstein Collection, April 26–July 27, 2018. (ed. 5/5 (LC 167)). Traveled to: Hauser & Wirth, Hong Kong, May 28–July 27, 2019 (Rosenberg, D. 2019, p. 246 color ill. [installation view], p. 249 color ill. ).
Literature
Waldman, Diane. Roy Lichtenstein. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1971, no. 55 n.p. color ill. (ed. unknown).
Sterckx, Pierre. "Lichtenstein: Le Mondrian du Pop." Clés pour les arts (Brussels) 18 (February 1972), p. 13 b/w ill. (ed. unknown).
Baldwin, Carl. "Le penchant des peintres américains pour le réalisme." Connaissance des arts, no. 254 (April 1973), no. 12 p. 120 ill. (ed. unknown).
Russell, John. "Persistent Pop." New York Times Magazine, July 21, 1974, front cover color ill. (ed. unknown).
Keller, Jean-Pierre. Pop art et évidence du quotidien. Lausanne: L’Âge d’Homme, 1979, p. 117 color ill. (ed. unknown).
Hendra, Tony. Brad '61: Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man. New York: Pantheon Books, 1993, p. 85 color ill. (ed. unknown).
Richardson, Elizabeth. "Those Lichtenstein Women." Harper's Bazaar 126, no. 3383 (October 1993), no. 1 p. 235 color ill. (ed. unknown).
Wattolik, Eva. Die Parodie im Frühwerk Roy Lichtensteins: Comic-Gemälde 1961–1964. Weimar: Verlag und Datenbank für Geisteswissenchaften, 2005, no. 6 p. 145 color ill. (ed. unknown).
Faton-Boyancé, Jeanne, ed. L'objet d'art. Special issue, Roy Lichtenstein exposition au Centre Pompidou, no. 69 (July 2013), inside front cover color ill. (ed. unknown).
Morel, Francis, ed. Connaissance des arts. Special issue, Roy Lichtenstein, no. 589 (July–August 2013), p. 65 color ill. (ed. 3/5 (LC 1257)).
Pommereau, Claude, ed. Roy Lichtenstein au Centre Pompidou. Issy-les-Moulineaux, France: Beaux Arts Éditions, 2013, p. 27 color ill. (ed. unknown).