Classification: enamel (editioned)Read more: Guide to the Catalogue
Enamel
In this catalogue, works classified as enamel are made from powdered glass fired and fused to a metal substrate; the medium is also known as porcelain enamel.
Lichtenstein’s enamels include unique and editioned works of various sizes. At first, the artist worked through Ben Birillo, primarily with Architectural Porcelain Fabricators, Inc. of Orangeburg, New York.
Lichtenstein also produced works with enamel components that fall under the separate classifications sculpture, jewelry and prints.
Dates
Conception date is based on the year the prototype, used for fabrication, was completed. Fabrication date(s) follow the conception date in parentheses. Dates for unique enamels are the year of completion of the artwork.
Media Lines
Medium is given as porcelain enamel and support is steel or perforated steel. Metal identification has not been confirmed, but Lichtenstein is quoted stating that his enamels were made on steel (Coplans 1967b, p. 12). Perforated steel was supplied by Beckley Perforating Co. of Garwood, New Jersey, and possibly others.
Inscriptions
Editioned enamels are inconsistently signed, dated and/or numbered by the artist on the verso, usually in white paint or black marker.
Large Editions
The large editions RLCR 1202, Sunrise from 7 Objects in a Box and RLCR 1554, Modern Head Pendant are presented in single entries without documentation of all individual pieces, as only select pieces were examined. Location information is not provided unless a work is known to be in a museum collection. Information is based on fabricator papers (RLF Archives) and the authors’ research.
Catalogue entry
RLCR 835.LC-202
RLCR 835 (LC 193, LC 198, LC 199, LC 200, LC 202; RL 0245)
Status: Research Pending
Cloud and Sea
c. 1964 (fabricated 1964)
Title Source
Castelli; RL Register; RL Studio CardAlternate titles and sources: Large White Cloud (RL Register); Sunset with Cloud (RL Register); White Cloud (RL Register)
Media
Porcelain enamel on steelDimensions
30 x 60 in. (76.2 x 152.4 cm)Description
Edition of 5Fabricator: Architectural Porcelain Fabricators, Inc., Orangeburg, N.Y. (?)
Inscriptions
Most enamels are signed and dated verso. LC-193 is not signed or dated.RLCR 835.LC-193 (LC 193)
Not signed or dated
RLCR 835.LC-198 (LC 198)
[no information]
RLCR 835.LC-199 (LC 199)
rf Lichtenstein /1964
RLCR 835.LC-200 (LC 200)
rf Lichtenstein / 1964
RLCR 835.LC-202 (LC 202)
rf Lichtenstein / 1964
Related Works
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Provenance
RLCR 835.LC-193 (LC 193)
{Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City, October 1964}
Galerie Ileana Sonnabend, Paris, c. 1965 (artist sale)
Dr. Calle, Paris, by 1967
Camuffo collection, Italy (via Galerie Ileana Sonnabend, Paris)
Private collection, Italy, 1999 (by descent)
RLCR 835.LC-198 (LC 198)
Michael Blankfort and Dorothy Stiles Blankfort, Los Angeles, February 1965 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City; via Ferus Gallery, Los Angeles)
(...)
RLCR 835.LC-199 (LC 199)
Ben Birillo, New York City, November 1964 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
Irving Beck, Long Beach, New York
Phyllis Millstein, New York City
Estate of Phyllis Millstein, March 2009
(Sotheby's, New York, November 10, 2010, sale N08679, lot 170)
RLCR 835.LC-200 (LC 200)
Dr. James Holderbaum, Northampton, Mass., November 1964 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
Private collection, Massachusetts, 1985
(Sotheby's, New York, November 12, 2012, sale N0891, lot 177)
RLCR 835.LC-202 (LC 202)
Leon Kraushar, Lawrence, N.Y., February 1965 (via Leo Castelli Gallery, New York City)
Ethel Kraushar, Lawrence, N.Y., September 1967 (by descent)
Karl Ströher, Darmstadt, Germany, July 1968
Peter and Irene Ludwig, Aachen, Germany, 1968
Exhibitions
Leo Castelli Gallery (4 East 77th Street), New York, Roy Lichtenstein: Landscapes, October 24–November 19, 1964 (ed. LC-200 (LC 200)) (Portable Press 1964).
Galerie Ileana Sonnabend (37, quai des Grands-Augustins), Paris, Roy Lichtenstein, June 1–30, 1965 (ed. LC-193 (LC 193)) (Galerie Sonnabend 1965).
Festival dei due mondi, Palazzo Collicola, Spoleto, Italy, Paesaggi contemporanei di nove pittori americani/ Recent Landscapes by Nine Americans in Festival dei due mondi/Festival of Two Worlds, June 28–July 18, 1965 (ed. LC-200 (LC 200)) (MoMA and Ministero della pubblica istruzione 1965).
Hamburger Kunstkabinett, Hamburg, Germany, Pop Art aus USA, September 24–October 31, 1965. (ed. unknown).
Galleria l'Elefante, Venice, Italy, Dine, Lichtenstein, Oldenburg, Rosenquist, Warhol, Wesselmann, part 1: May 29–June 16; part 2: July 1–22, 1966 (ed. unknown) (Galleria l'Elefante 1966, front cover color ill. [flopped] ).
Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Roy Lichtenstein, November 4–December 17, 1967 (ed. LC-193 (LC 193)) (Stedelijk Museum 1967, no. 49 b/w ill. ). Traveled to: Tate Gallery, London, January 6–February 4, 1968 (Tate 1968b, no. 49 p. 40 b/w ill. ); Kunsthalle Bern, Bern, Switzerland, February 23–March 31, 1968 (Kunsthalle Bern 1968, no. 44 b/w ill. ); (Tate 1968a, no. 33 p. 42 b/w ill. ); Kestner-Gesellschaft, Hannover, Germany, April 13–May 19, 1968 (Kestner-Gesellschaft 1968, no. 44 p. 78 b/w ill. ).
Wallraf-Richartz-Museum and Fondation Corboud, Cologne, Extended Loan, February 28, 1969–February 23, 1976, Dep. 1077 (ed. LC-202 (LC 202)) (Von der Osten and Keller 1971, no. 101 color ill. ).
Wallraf-Richartz-Museum, Cologne, Romantik? Landschaft von dazumal bis Pop, March 17–October 11, 1970 (ed. LC-202 (LC 202)) (Wallraf-Richartz 1970, no. 30 p. 25 b/w ill. ).
Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, A Selection of American Art: The Skowhegan School, 1946–1976, June 16–September 5, 1976 (ed. LC-200 (LC 200)) (ICA, Boston 1976, n.p. facing p. 112 b/w ill. [as Landscape with Clouds] ). Traveled to: Colby Museum of Art, Colby College, Waterville, Maine, October 1–30, 1976.
Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, Roy Lichtenstein 1970–1980, May 8–June 28, 1981 (only Cologne, lower floor exhibit) (ed. LC-202 (LC 202)) (Cowart 1981b). Traveled to: Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, Wash., July 16–September 6, 1981; Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, N.Y., September 22–November 29, 1981; Fort Worth Art Museum, Fort Worth, Tex., December 16, 1981–February 7, 1982; Josef-Haubrich-Kunsthalle, Cologne, March 10–April 25, 1982 (with an additional exhibit on the Kunsthalle's lower floor showing Lichtenstein artworks from the Ludwig Collection) (Cowart 1982a); Orsanmichele, Florence, Italy, May–August 1982 (Cowart 1982b); Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris, September 21–December 19, 1982 (Cowart 1982b); Fundación Juan March, Madrid, January 14–March 20, 1983 (Cowart 1982b); Ohara Museum of Art, Chuo Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture, Japan, April 26–May 22, 1983 (Cowart 1982b); Seibu Museum of Art, Seibu Takanawa, Tokyo, June 1–July 13, 1983 (Cowart 1983).
Galerie der Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst, Leipzig, Germany, Amerikanische Pop Art aus der Sammlung Ludwig Köln, May 28–July 7, 1984 (ed. LC-202 (LC 202)) (Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst 1984, p. 5 color ill. ).
Schloss Mainau, Insel Mainau, Konstanz, Germany, Made in USA: Pop Art aus dem Museum Ludwig, October 31, 1997–March 1, 1998 (ed. LC-202 (LC 202)) (Fischer, A. 1997, no. 34 p. 87 color ill. ).
Wäinö Aaltonen Museo, Turku, Finland, Pop International, June 18–October 19, 2003 (ed. LC-202 (LC 202)) (Wäinö Aaltonen Museo 2003, p. 119 color ill. ).
ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum, Denmark, Pop Classics: Allan d'Arcangelo, Jim Dine, Robert Indiana, Jasper Johns, Allan Kaprow, Edward Kienholz, Yayoi Kusama, Roy Lichtenstein, Marisol, Claes Oldenburg, Robert Rauschenberg, James Rosenquist, Ed Ruscha, Wayne Thiebaud, Andy Warhol, Tom Wesselmann, May 29–September 5, 2004 (ed. LC-202 (LC 202)) (Jensen, M. 2004, pp. 68–69 color ill. [double spread] ).
Triennale di Milano, Milan, Roy Lichtenstein: Meditations on Art, January 26–May 30, 2010 (only Milan) (ed. LC-202 (LC 202)) (Mercurio 2010c, p. 297 color ill, fig. 186 p. 352 color ill. ); (Mercurio 2010d, p. 297 color ill, fig. 186 p. 352 color ill. ). Traveled to: Museum Ludwig, Cologne, July 2–October 17, 2010 (as Roy Lichtenstein: Kunst als Motiv) (Mercurio 2010a, p. 297 color ill, fig. 186 p. 352 color ill. ).
Literature
Billeter, Erika. "Pop im Examen: Lichtenstein, Oldenburg, Rosenquist, Rauschenberg, Segal." Speculum artis (Konstanz and Zurich) 17, no. 9 (October 1965), p. 32 b/w ill. (with artist in studio) (ed. unknown).
Fagiolo dell-Arco, Maurizio. "La ragione pura-practica di Lichtenstein." Collage, no. 6 (1965), no. 3 n.p. facing p. 64 b/w ill. (ed. unknown).
Alfieri, Bruno. "L'avvenire dell'arte: Una nuova dimensione operativa/The Arts' Future: A New Operational Dimension." Metro (Milan), no. 9 (April 1965), p. 11 b/w ill. (installation view, 1964d New York Castelli) (ed. unknown).
Alfieri, Bruno. "La condizione dell'arte: ‘Pop' uguale ‘non popolare'/The Arts' Condition: ‘Pop' Means ‘Not Popular.'" Metro (Milan), no. 9 (April 1965), p. 7 b/w ill. (ed. unknown).
Boatto, Alberto, and Giordano Falzoni, eds. Fantazaria (Rome). Special issue, Lichtenstein 1, no. 2 (July–August 1966), n.p. facing p. 58 b/w ill. (flopped) (ed. LC-193 (LC 193)).
Fry, Edward. "Roy Lichtenstein's Recent Landscapes." Art and Literature (Lausanne) 8 (Spring 1966), n.p. b/w ill. (ed. unknown).
Lichtenstein, Roy, and David Pascal. "Pop art et comic books." Translated from the English by Colette Swarc. Giff-Wiff (Paris), no. 20 (May 1966), p. 15 b/w ill. (ed. LC-193 (LC 193)).
Kozloff, Max. "Modern Art and the Virtues of Decadence." Studio International 174, no. 894 (November 1967), p. 199 b/w ill. (ed. unknown).
Solomon, Alan (Photographs by Ugo Mulas). New York: The New Art Scene. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1967, n.p. b/w ill. (double spread; with artist in studio) (ed. unknown).
Netter, Maria. "Comics und Abstraktion." Die Weltwoche (Zurich) 36, no. 1790 (March 1, 1968), p. 29 ill. (ed. LC-202 (LC 202)).
Tuchman, Phyllis. "American Art in Germany: The History of a Phenomenon." Artforum 9, no. 3 (November 1970), p. 63 b/w ill. (ed. LC-202 (LC 202)).
Weber, Jürgen. Pop Art: Happenings und Neue Realisten. Munich: Heinz Moos Verlag, 1970, no. 79 p. 63 b/w ill. (ed. unknown).
Waldman, Diane. Roy Lichtenstein. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1971, no. 102 n.p. color ill. (ed. LC-202 (LC 202)).
Weichardt, Jürgen. "Neue Landschaft." Magazin Kunst: Das deutschsprachige Kunstmagazin 12, no. 45 (1972), p. 2661 b/w ill. (ed. LC-202 (LC 202)).
Lichtenstein, Roy, and Jean-Claude Meyer. "Les illusions optiques de Roy Lichtenstein." XXe siècle (Paris and Milan) n.s, 35, no. 41 (December 1973), p. 88 b/w ill. (ed. unknown).
Wedewer, Rolf. Landschaftsmalerei zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit: Idylle und Konflikt. Cologne: DuMont, 1978, dust jacket front panel color ill. (ed. LC-202 (LC 202)).
"Sammlung Ludwig." Du: Die Kunstzeitschrift (Zurich). Special issue, Sammlung Ludwig 455, no. 1 (1979), p. 66 b/w ill., front cover color ill. (detail) (ed. LC-202 (LC 202)).
Arroyue, Francisco J. "La peinture américaine: entre identité picturale et identité nationale." Colóquio: Artes (Lisbon), no. 67 (1985), p. 43 color ill. (ed. unknown).
Hendrickson, Janis. Roy Lichtenstein. Cologne: Benedikt Taschen, 1988, p. 17 color ill. (ed. LC-202 (LC 202)).
Waldman, Diane. Roy Lichtenstein. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 1993. Exhibition catalogue (1993 New York Guggenheim), no. 117 n.p. following p. 131 color ill. [not exhibited] (ed. unknown).
Waldman, Diane. Roy Lichtenstein. Translated from the English by Bram Opstelten and Magda Moses. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 1994. Exhibition catalogue (1993 New York Guggenheim), no. 117 n.p. following p. 131 color ill. [not exhibited] (ed. unknown).
Bandlow, Karen. Roy Lichtenstein und Ostasien. Studien zur internationalen Architektur- und Kunstgeschichte 59. Petersberg, Germany: Michael Imhof Verlag, 2007, no. 56 p. 53 color ill. (ed. unknown).